Définitions

hey ! serait-il possible que l'un de ceux qui suit ce cours nous fasse profiter des définitions de termes données par ce cher Henry Richard ?

Attention les yeux, le Bats fait sa première vraie contribution à la partie travail de ce forum!!
Enjoy, Clément!


Definitions



Compound : a word that is made of two existing words. Ex
: general election; towel-rail…


Secondary compound : a compound of a compound. Ex : bathroom towel-rail…


Phraseology : a bunch of existing words thought as one
entity. The group has been lexicalized over the history of the language. Ex :
not-my-cup-of-tea; what’s-his-name…


Derivative : also called Derived word. Any word made of
one root plus affixes. Ex : predict; procreate; antiwar; normality…


Inflection : An affix added to a root to satisfy the
grammar. Ex : -s in books, loves; -ed in loved; -ing in loving…


Separable prefix : A prefix that can be added to a root which
already exists by itself. Ex : unhappy; undo; procreate; ex-girlfriend…


Inseparable prefix : a prefix that is added to a historical root
which does not exist by itself. Ex : re- in reply; per- in perceive; com- in commit…


Combining form : A Greek or Latin morpheme used mostly as a
prefix. Ex : chronology; antibiotics; television…


Prepcom : a phraseology or any phrase made of one noun +
one preposition + one noun. Prepcoms are often lexicalized. Ex : man in the
moon; king of the castle; lady in waiting…


Bound morpheme : a morpheme that does not exist by itself. Ex
: -ed in loved; -ity in normality; -al in instrumental…


Free morpheme : A morpheme that can exist by itself. Ex :
norm- in normality; form in formation, -physics in astrophysics…


Hendiadys : two notions put together in one lexical item.
Ex : nice and warm; safe and sound; d’ores
et déjà…


Bahuvrihi : also called a Pars pro toto, or Metonymy. Ex
: a roughneck; the blue-eyed…


Dvandva : a lexical item that means two things
simultaneously. Ex : Anglo-Irish; nursemaid…


Hypallage : Hyppalage is from Greek, meaning “little
exchange”. Ex : a topless restaurant, a standing ovation; a running dinner…


Assimilation : the philological process of sound
assimilation by anticipation. Must be understood diachronically. Ex : ad + fection
= affection; con + mission = commission; ad + cellerate = accelerate.


Lexical item : anything that is in a dictionary. Can be a
word, a phraseology, an onomatopoeia…


Umlaut : a form of assimilation. Ex : OE for “men”
was “manis”. “manis” became “men” by assimilation of the phoneme /i/ of the 2^nd
syllable by the 1^st syllable.


Ablaut : A modification of the root vowel in a word of
Germanic origin. Ex : sing-sang-sung…


Productive. Adjective that applies to any affix which can
be used to form new words today. Ex : -able can form “doable”; -ness can form
numbness… (N.B: Hood, from OE haad is no longer productive since “studenthood”
is not possible, although in Ep22S03, at 03:47, Leonard “has passed the first
barrier to roommatehood”…)


Phonesteme : not really a morpheme but suggests a meaning.
Ex : /sn/ in snear, snore, sneak; /kr/ in crash, crack, crunch, crush…


Splinter : a bit of word that has not linguistic
reality. Looks like a morpheme but is not one. Often created by journalists. Ex
: perma- in “permafrost”…


Hybrid : adjective that qualifies any word made of
morpheme of different origins. Ex : television; likeable; blue-eyed…


Motivation : the relation between a word and the reality it
stands for. Ex : book = book because in OE book was the singular of beec,
meaning beech tree. Beech tree cork must have been used as sheets.


False participle : a word that looks like a participle but is
not one. Ex : blue-eyed; novel-writing…


Participial adjective : an adjective + a participle used as
an adjective. Ex : short-lived; long-lasting… Participial adjectives use false
participles.


Denominal, deadjectival, denominal, deadverbial. Mots inutiles ou à peu
près.
Ex : “Normal” is a denominal adj since it comes from a noun + the suffix –al.

“Loveliness” is a deverbal deadjectival noun because it comes from an adj which comes from a
verb

“happiness” is a deadjectival noun because it is a noun which comes from an adjective.






J Quelques étymologies intéressantes : (comme quoi on ne se lève pas tout à fait pour rien le mercredi)


“Lord”
comes from OE “hlaf weard”, then become “hlaford”, meaning “the keeper of the
bread”. “Hlaf gave “loaf” in modern English and “weard” gave “warrant”.


“Lady”
comes from Old English “half dige”, meaning the one who kneads the bread”.
“Dige” meant “to knead”


“Gospel”
comes from OE “god, meaning “good” and “spell”, meaning “news”.


“water” is
related to German “Wasser”, to Swedish “vatten, to Russian vod(k)a (-k is a
diminutive), to Latin unda… Consequently, “redundant” and “water” come from the
same word…


“Handiwork”
uses the morpheme of Germanic origin “ge” between “hand” and “work”. “ge” is
related to Latin “cum” and has a similar meaning.

Thank you soooo much. (you saved lives)

j'ai supprimé quelques espaces, ça évitera de se fatiguer l'index en scrollant comme des malades ^^

Sinon, je back-up Marie : TROKOULE !

Merci beaucoup ! Y'en a qui nous seront très utiles je crois !

Du är välkommen!^^

C'est quoi cette référence à TBBT ? x)

OOoooh ça c'est vraiment VRAIMENT trop beau.
Merciiiii !! =)

Ahah! y en a au moins un qui lit tout
C'est juste un argument linguistique...

De rien Elise

"Mots inutiles ou à peu près."

quel bon prof tu serais...

Ben je me suis mis à bosser mon histoire de la langue (et je veux tomber avec MICHOU parce que là c'est PAS possible) donc j'ai tout lu. Y'en a plein qui sont pas pour nous mais y'en a certaines qui, je pense, seront utiles.

cleminou a écrit:ce cher Henry Richard ?

C'est censé être le prof ?
Pur info c'est Henry DANIELS ... Le majestueux Henry Daniels.

Ouii mythique la référence à TBBT :v

Ahah! je me suis poilé tout seul en écrivant ça. (vous avez le droit de penser que je suis fou...)

"Clipping" ? Anyone?

"circoncision" d'un mot (en gros)

un exemple est plus parlant:
facultés = fac
professeur = prof
(j'en trouve pas en anglais)

Good luck you guys !

On pensera fort à vous demain matin (avec plein d'ondes positives).

Juriaen a écrit:

cleminou a écrit:ce cher Henry Richard ?

C'est censé être le prof ?
Pur info c'est Henry DANIELS ... Le majestueux Henry Daniels.

il s'appelle Henry Richard Daniels oui oui x)

En anglais t'as "pro" pour professional ou prostitute (dixit Michou, je vous jure) et c'est une "backformation" chez nous je crois.

EDIT : en fait, non, c'est juste une abréviation :v

Alors comment ça s'est passé ?

Assez mal. Mais c'est fini

T'es tombée avec qui Anaïs?

Ratié, évidemment... Pfff

Bon ben désolé alors, mais c'est un oral, alors entre les impressions et les résultats, il y a souvent un monde.
Mais comme tu dis, maintenant c'est fini.

Arff, pas de bol. Mais ce type est étrange, ne désespère pas!